Le temps passant, de plus en plus de bâtiments du 20e siècle entrent, eux aussi, dans les préoccupations des spécialistes du patrimoine. Tel est le cas de cette chapelle très lumineuse, que lon doit au talent de l’architecte Noël Le Maresquier, né en 1903 et disparu en 1982.
Une grande tradition familiale
Noël Le Maresquier est le fils de Charles Lemaresquier il avait légèrement transformé son nom afin de se démarquer de son père, lui-même architecte reconnu et fut rapidement saisi par la passion de bâtir. C’est ainsi qu’il entra dans l’atelier de Victor Laloux à l’École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, et y fit des études brillantes. En 1928, il obtint son diplôme d’architecte et, deux ans plus tard, il fut couronné du second Grand Prix de Rome. On le remarqua en haut lieu. En 1943, il fut nommé architecte en chef de la reconstruction de la ville de Saint-Nazaire, où il occupa d’ailleurs des responsabilités pendant une trentaine d’années. En 1945, il décida de reprendre l’agence d’architecture de son père et, en 1954, il fut nommé architecte en chef des bâtiments civils et palais nationaux. Noël Le Maresquier fut également un enseignant très écouté, d’abord à l’école d’architecture de Toulouse, puis aux Beaux-Arts. Parmi ses créations architecturales les plus remarquables, on peut citer la halle aux bestiaux de Montréjeau, en Haute-Garonne, de très grands ensembles de logements (la Cité Concorde à Lille et la Dame Blanche à Garges-Lès-Gonesse), l’église Notre-Dame Espérance à Saint-Nazaire, l’aménagement du centre ancien de Villiers-le-Bel, entre autres.
La vie passionnée de la fondatrice
Pourquoi cette chapelle et cette congrégation ? Retrouvons les origines : Anne-Eugénie Milleret de Brou naît à Metz le 26 août 1817 dans un milieu particulièrement aisé et confortable. À douze ans, elle a une illumination en faisant sa Première Communion. Elle écrit : « En l’instant où je reçus Jésus-Christ, ce fut comme si tout ce que j’avais vu sur la terre, et ma mère elle-même, n’était plus qu’une ombre passagère. » Puis elle entend une voix : « Tu perdras ta mère, mais je serai pour toi plus qu’une mère, tu quitteras tout ce que tu aimes pour me glorifier. » Un an plus tard, effectivement, toute sa famille est complètement ruinée, ses parents se séparent, et sa mère est emportée par le choléra dans de grandes souffrances. Parvenue à l’adolescence, Anne-Eugénie se laisse tenter par la vie parisienne, faite de frivolités et de mondanités. Mais son père la confie bientôt à des cousines pieuses et sévères. Un jour, à l’église Saint-Eustache, elle entend le prêche enflammé de l’abbé Combalot. Celui-ci, dont l’ambition est de fonder une congrégation de religieuses à la fois contemplative et vouée à l’éducation des jeunes filles, pousse Anne-Eugénie, alors âgée de vingt ans, à le suivre dans son projet, mais d’abord son père refuse. Pourtant, le 15 août 1838, elle entre au couvent de la Visitation de La Côte-Saint-André et prend le nom de Marie-Eugénie de Jésus. Plus tard, elle fonde l’Assomption, basée sur les valeurs de droiture et de pauvreté, et crée des écoles dans le monde entier. Devenue paralytique, elle meurt à Paris le 10 mars 1898. Elle est béatifiée par le pape Paul VI en 1975, puis canonisée en 2007 par Benoît XVI.
Une équipe d’architectes et de designers
C’est à l’agence d’architecture 3Box qu’est revenu le soin de réaménager la chapelle en repensant l’accueil et la circulation des pèlerins, à lissue dun concours privé. 3Box a été créée en 2006 par deux jeunes professionnels talentueux, Pacôme Bommier et Jonathan Bruter. En 2008, ils ont été lauréats du Prix du ministère de la Culture NAJAP (Nouveaux albums des jeunes architectes et paysagistes) et se sont fait remarquer par de nombreuses autres récompenses, dont le premier prix du CII (Concours international d’idées) pour l’implantation du tribunal de grande instance de Paris. Dans le projet de la chapelle, ils ont été associés à John Doe, le studio de design créé par Grégory Lacoua et Jean-Sébastien Lagrange. Tout le mobilier liturgique a été redessiné : bancs, prie-Dieu, autel, bénitier, tabernacle et lutrin. Deux centimètres de vide entre les plateaux et les supports matérialisent une petite élévation permanente qui fait la différence dans le vocabulaire formel dont les religieuses se sont saisies immédiatement pour mieux s’approprier ce nouveau lieu. Le bénitier, l’autel et les bancs « l’évitent » donc visuellement en harmonie. Les bancs, au dessin très pur, sont réalisés en chêne pour permettre de grandes portées et intègrent d’autres contraintes, notamment par la prière dite « en coeur à coeur », c’est-à-dire face à face, une particularité de la Congrégation. Le centre de la chapelle est donc réservé aux soeurs qui se font face, les fidèles se situant à la périphérie. Cette spatialisation est soulignée par le rythme des piètements : plus on se rapproche du centre, plus il est dense. Les assises sont réparties selon différents modules, stalles pour les soeurs (avec ou sans rangements intégrés pour psautiers et bible), bancs de trois tailles différentes pour les fidèles, avec ou sans prie-Dieu. L’autel est en granit noir du Zimbabwe et contient une relique de sainte Marie-Eugénie. Le bénitier est en pierre d’Auberoche et devient, selon les créateurs, « une simple goutte posée sur une pierre ». Modernisme et spiritualité s’accordent parfaitement.
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